10. Heritage/ Culture /Tourism
Conservation of heritage sites and sustainably utilising them for generating tourism revenue and employment can be a game changer for any city.
Employment
An estimation of a minimum of 20 direct & 50 indirect sources of employment from each fort and heritage site. For direct employment, local villagers in the form of local labour, local guides, security guards, food trailing activity, homestay, etc., and for indirect employment, taxi service operators, travel agents, tour operators, parking lots operators, souvenir shops, cafeterias, activities like folk dance, cultural programs, martial arts, social media experts, graphic designers, event planners, etc. can be aligned.
Revenue
Tourism contributes almost $200 Billion or almost INR 17 Lakh Crore to India’s GDP. Pune has the potential to get a substantial portion of this which can help in making the city truly world class.
Why Pune
Pune is the cultural capital of Maharashtra. Its vibrant Arts, Theater, Literature, Museum, Sports, Music, Festivals, Vyakhyan Malas and other Live events attract lakhs of people each year. It is far more approachable and affordable for visitors than Mumbai. Pune was the political capital of the country (not just of Maharashtra) multiple times in history and hence is a treasure trove of history & heritage like the Aga Khan Palace and Shaniwar Wada. The Pune Municipal Corporation has enlisted 251 heritage properties into Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 3 types of structures. The weather is pleasant and it is also surrounded by the scenic Western Ghats. For people from around the state, this is also a modern city with many entertainment avenues. This integration of history, heritage arts, and contemporary life makes Pune an enticing destination for travellers seeking a diverse and immersive experience. Yet, Pune is nowhere close to being the national and international tourist destination it can be. Some of the issues we face are the same ones that cities across India face:
- Lack of awareness among stakeholders about the potential of heritage tourism.
- Lack of funding / investment in tourism.
- Lack of synergy/ coordination among the stakeholders in marketing Pune as a tourist destination.
- Unprofessionalism in heritage sites’ officials and caretakers
- No maintenance seen in the historic heritage sites
- Lack of fundamental amenities (like toilets, helpdesks, security, public transport etc) at all heritage sites to enhance the overall tourism experience.
- The main city areas are showing signs of mutations which may result in losing the heritage value of the city.
A stark example of this is the Wadas of Pune:
- Today, more than 350 years after the height of glory of the Maratha empire, Pune’s wadas are waging a battle for survival.
- The 250-year-old Mujumdar Wada in Kasba Peth of the old city area suffered damage during the anti-encroachment activity by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). Civic officials razed illegal structures in the neighbourhood and in the process caused serious cracks in the iconic structure. While members of the Mujumdar family now want PMC to repair the structure, civic officials say they cannot help, as the wada is privately owned.
- Traditional wadas faced jeopardy, with smaller ones giving way to high-rise structures to accommodate the city’s growing housing needs.
- Wada residents note a contradiction: while their wadas are listed as heritage sites by PMC, restricting modifications, insufficient financial aid is provided by the civic body to support the maintenance of these structures. Balancing heritage listing restrictions and high restoration costs, residents struggle to upkeep their ancestral homes. The imposed conditions and financial burdens make it challenging to maintain these substantial properties.
- We can explore converting the wadas to Bed & Breakfast places or Restaurants serving traditional food like the Palace Hotels of Rajasthan;
Solutions
Before talking about specific things related to Tourism, we must understand that all of the other issues that have been discussed in this report will have a direct bearing on tourism. A good public transport system, better traffic, non polluted air & water, clean rivers and streets, better public health, greener city etc are all important to attract tourists. Nobody wants to visit a city that is dirty and congested and overcrowded and lacks basic infrastructure and amenities like public toilets. And a full fledged and world class airport is the most basic need. The system has completely failed Pune on this count.
- Aesthetics: While we have covered the issue of garbage under the Sanitation chapter, we need to understand what makes a city attractive. It is not just a question of ‘clean cities’ i.e. cities with no visible littering or garbage, it goes much deeper than that. It includes things like strict action against illegal hoardings (especially political ones) that currently deface every inch of this town. The current budget to remove all encroachments including hoardings is 23 crores – but where is this money going?
Aesthetics includes a minute attention to ‘finishing touches’ or ‘fit and finish’ in all the cleanliness and construction work undertaken by every stakeholder. It includes strict enforcement of the no parking rules and swift action on abandoned / junk vehicles. It includes getting all the Architects of the city together to proactively work towards a better looking city by working on design language, tone and colour etc especially for public and government establishments.
- Planning: We need to set up a task force to focus on heritage, culture, and tourism promotion, responsible for preservation, dissemination of information, and tourism development. The plan must be holistic and long term and must be created by all stakeholders including PMC, Police, Transport Authorities, Travel Agency Associations, Rickshaw and Cab associations, Historians, Conservationists etc. Pune boasts exceptional heritage and natural sites, yet lacks a comprehensive, sustainable tourism strategy for their exploitation. Crucial historical landmarks like Sinhagad Fort suffer from inadequate public transport, while sites like the Pune Archives remain neglected and inaccessible. Absence of tourist guides and proper signage further diminishes visitor experiences. Rather than prioritizing the mythical ‘sanctity’ of sites, we should focus on their authenticity, historic significance, and tourism potential, contributing to the city’s 400-year legacy.
- Expansion: We need to expand our existing Museums and Zoos. We need to come up with new tourist attractions based on our extensive nature trails and treks.
- Conservation: heritage sites speak to the new generation and inspire them. All heritage sites should be conserved and protected. The community and local government bodies should spread more awareness in this regard. We should learn from other states in India how they have developed and maintained their cultural and heritage sites to attract tourists from all over the world. Even while opening them up to tourists, their conservation and protection must be of top priority. Adopting the ‘no broken window’ theory implies that tourists will respect sites if authorities and locals show equal dedication. A large-scale awareness campaign engaging local stakeholders, experts in archaeology, restoration, history, tourism, and sustainability is essential. Employing a ‘think large, act small’ approach tailored to each site’s uniqueness, historical value, and local context is imperative. Preserving our heritage demands immediate action to prevent regrettable loss in the future.
- Technology: Creating online platforms and mobile apps for tourists in Pune means making websites and phone apps that give tourists a lot of helpful information about special places and fun things to do that are related to history and culture. These platforms and apps are like your tour guides but on your phone or computer. They provide maps, pictures, descriptions, and even sometimes videos so you can get a clear idea of what to expect. You can figure out how to get to these places, what to see there, and when they’re open. It’s like having a friendly helper in your pocket, showing you around the city’s cultural and historical gems. This should be integrated with the Pune Transport App we have proposed in the public transport chapter of this report.
- Private Sector: We should invite the private sector to join in this mission as this cannot be done by the government alone.
- Marketing: A marketing campaign on the lines of Madhya Pradesh (Heart of India), Rajasthan and Gujarat could go a long way in attracting tourism revenue.
Conclusion
It would be a fitting tribute to our rich history and culture if we are able to showcase it to people from around the country and the world by turning Pune into a living, breathing historical monument while providing the comforts of modernity. But this needs to be taken up as a mission!
Suggested Best Practices
- 2nd city to be declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site after Ahmedabad Rajasthan state heritage programme https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/179761563443651430/pdf/Inclusive-Revitalisation-of-Historic-Towns-and-Cities-Strategic-Framework-for-Rajasthan-State-Heritage-Programme.pdf
- Revitalization of the Walled City of Jaipur https://architecture.live/architectural-conservation-revitalization-of-walled-city-jaipur-dr-shikha-jain-dronah/
- Recreate heritage structures through the LiDAR scanning technology using 3D with special cameras fixed on drones. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/seven-raj-monuments-get-digital-protection/articleshow/57741808.cms
- Well-preserved historic centre: Venice’s historic centre is well-preserved, which gives visitors a glimpse of what the city was like centuries ago https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Historic-centre-of-Venice-Italy-45261367-N-12195754-E-divided-into_fig1_341943483
- Walkable city: Venice is a walkable city, which makes it easy for visitors to get around and explore the city’s attractions.
- Sustainable tourism: Venice is committed to sustainable tourism. The city has a number of initiatives in place to reduce its environmental impact, such as a ban on cruise ships in the city canter.
- Innovation: Venice is constantly innovating in the field of tourism. The city is looking for new ways to attract tourists and to make their experience more enjoyable.
- Partnerships: Venice works in partnership with other organizations, such as the World Tourism Organization, to promote tourism in the city
- Branding: Venice has a strong brand as a tourist destination. The city is known for its beauty, its history, and its culture.
- Marketing: Venice invests heavily in marketing its tourism products and destinations. The city uses a variety of channels to reach potential tourists, such as print, online, and social media.
- Accessibility: Venice is relatively easy to reach by air, sea, and train. The city also has a good public transportation system that makes it easy for tourists to get around.
- Accommodation: Venice has a wide range of accommodation options to suit all budgets. The city has hotels, hostels, bed and breakfasts, and apartments.
- Activities: Venice has a variety of activities to offer tourists, such as sightseeing, shopping, dining, and nightlife. The city also has a number of festivals and events throughout the year.
Digital Platforms, Smart Heritage Preservation, Cultural Districts, Sustainable Mobility, Interactive Museums, Cultural Festivals and Events, Heritage Conservation with Innovation, Waste Management and Sustainability, Local Engagement and Empowerment, Tourism Regulation
Yours Sincerely Sangram Khopade Punekar